Showing posts with label balance. Show all posts
Showing posts with label balance. Show all posts

Friday, March 16, 2018

Migraine: Somatotosensory and Autonomic Nervous System Underlie Complex Pathophysiology. Treatment should address both systems.


The complex nature of migraines often leads to confusion, misdiagnosis and mistreatment.  There is an excellent article from the Journal of Neuroscience "Migraine: Multiple Processes, Complex Pathophysiology (abstract below).  Treatment of migraine can often be very easy but the traditional approach can make migraines more difficult to treat. 

Treatment and Elimination of headaches and migraines is most effective if it addresses both the Autonomic and Somatosensory nervous systems.

According to this paper " These molecular, anatomical, and functional abnormalities provide a neuronal substrate for an extreme sensitivity to fluctuations in homeostasis, a decreased ability to adapt, and the recurrence of headache. "  This means that it is a disturbance in Homeostasis of the brain.  It is important to understand this because the primary cause of changes occuring in the brain is from neurological and vascular input from the body.  The single largest source of input is through the Trigeminal Nerve.

Homeostasis is when all systems are in proper balance and actively respond to changes to restore thaty balance, ie Homeostasis.  This can be compared to a computer, when is is in balance all of software and hardware work correctly.  We have all had a computer crash or lock up.  This would be equivilant to losing Homeostasis.  We reset our computer with "Control /Alt /Delete" which turns off the computer and resets it to the correct settings.  The best way to treat migraines is to reset our brain to restore Homeostasis.  The reasons computers crash is usually an I /O or input /Output error or simply "GARBAGE IN / GARBAGE OUT"  This article will discuss resetting the brain or finding our Control/Alt/ Delete button for our brain to decrease or eliminate headaches and migraines.

Noxious input from the Trigeminal Nerve to the brain responsible for almost all headaches and migraines.  Noxious input is essentially  the "Garbage in".  If there is too much garbage in the computer crashes; in terms of our brain this would be symptoms of headache, migraine, dizziness, tinnitus or many other common symptoms. 

There are two types of nerves that travel through the Trigeminal Nervous System, Somatosensory nerves and Autonomic Nerves.  The Somatosensory Nervous  System is the part we are aware of using, how we move, use our muscles, and do most of our daily activities.  When there are issues with pain or dysfunction we adjust using the Somatosensory nerves.

The Autonomic Nervous System is where activities we don't control occur.  This can be heart rate, digestion, love, fear, how are pupils dilate or constrict in  response to light or we get goose bumps or shiver in response to cold or sweat in response to excessive heat.  We cannot voluntarily control these or have only partial control  

The Autonomic Nervous System is divided into two divisions the Sympathetic division and the Parasympathetic division.  The sympathetic division is responsible for preparing our bodies to take action.  The Sympathetic reflex is the "Fight or Flight reflex"  We send blood to our brain and muscles and get ready to defend ourselves or run like crazy.  For a more primitive lifestyle this is perfect but if you are sitting in a classroom or an office this reflex causes chronic stress.  

The Parasympathetic Division gives us the "Feed and Breed" or "Eat and Digest" reflex.  It sends blood to our gut, slows are heart rate, allows sleep, rest, feelings of love and friendship, puts you into the mood for romance, gives us the good feeling we get playing with babies, puppies and kittens.  If the Sympathetic reflex helps the indivdual survive the parasympathetic iprovides for survival of the species.

We require a balance of these two systems to survive and usually one or the other predominates depending on what is happening in our life.  If the sympathetic system gets "stuck on" we suffer from stress diseases.  This was first described by Hans Selye in his book "The Stress of Life"  He was one of the first to explain the adverse health effects of stress on our brain and body.  This includes headaches and migraines.

When we get out Sympathetic system "Stuck on" it creates problems and destroys the state of homeostasis leaving us "out of balance"  This is the equivilant of our computer crashing.  To reset our brain we need to reset our autonomic nervous system.  One reset button is the Sphenopalatine Ganglion (SPG) Block

For headaches, Migraines, Anxiety and Stress diseases the switch to reset our autonomic nervous system is the Sphenopalatine Ganglion located on the maxillary division of the Trigeminal Nerve in the Pterygopalatine fossa.  It is a small part of the brain outside the calvarium where most of the brain is and located behind the nose.  

A Sphenopalatine Ganglion (SPG) Block can reset the brain and turn off many types os sympathetic overloads, often giving instant relief of migraines, chronic headaches, tension-type headaches and cluster headaches.  Due to the position behind the nose it is easily accessible.  I will explain more about SPG Blocks later.

The second method that can easily reset brain and restore Homeostasis is thru Neuromuscular Dentistry.  Neuromuscular Dentistry utilizes an Ultra Low Frequency (ULF) TENS to relax muscles innervated by the fifth cranial nerve (trigeminal nerve) and the seventh cranial nerve (facial nerve).
While pulsing the muscles the myomonitor also acts as a stimulator or neuromodulator of the Sphenopalatine ganglion, resetting the autonomic nervous system and returning us to a state of Homeostasis.

Both methods of affecting the Sphenopalatine Ganglion return us to Homeostasis by different pathways.  The SPG Blocks can be done by injection but the most common method is by nasal catheter.  Three commercial devices utilized are the Sphenocath, the Allevio and the TX 360.  They are all basically squirt guns that squirt anesthetic to the mucosa over the Pterygopalatine Fossa that holds the Ganglion and are usually done in the ER or in a Neurologist's office.

The best method, in my opinion is to teach patients to self -administer SPG Blocks using cotton-tipped catheters that offer continual capillary feed of anesthetic to the area of the ganglion. Regardless of the method used SPG Blocks are a resetting mechanism for the Autonomic nervous system. 

Another part of the Autonomic Nervous System is the Stellate Ganglion and research has shown that  a single shot of anesthetic can "CURE PTSD" which is amazing!  I have found that patients with PTSD respond very well to repetitive self administered SPG Blocks as well.

All of these approaches address headaches, Migraines, Depression, Anxiety and other "Stress" disorders by restting the brain and restoring Homeostasis or Balance.  Neuromuscular Dentistry also restores balance thru the somatosensory system with the aid of the Myomonitor and the Diagnostic Neuromuscular Orthotic.

Compare these treatments to the typical drug approach where first one and then another drug is used to control headache pain, each and every drug has multiple side effects and change brain chemistry and neurotransmitters.  Drug overuse and withdrawal pains are common.  BOTOX uses a neurotoxin to disconnect muscles and brain rather than restoring them to a normal healthy state and healthy Homeostasis.

Are these otheer treatment bad?  No, they should just not be the first approach to healing which is to restore normal physiology and chemistry and allow healing by removing the impediments to healing.

Additional resources:
https://www.sphenopalatineganglionblocks.com/new-daily-persistent-headache-aka-chronic-headache-acute-onset-spg-blocks-ideal-first-line-treatment/

https://www.sphenopalatineganglionblocks.com/transformed-migraine-chronic-migraine-study-spg-blocks-vs-elavil/

https://www.sphenopalatineganglionblocks.com/new-studies-point-common-etiologic-cause-migraines-essential-hypertension-spg-blocks-missing-piece/

https://www.sphenopalatineganglionblocks.com/intractable-headaches-migraines-sphenopalatine-ganglion-spg-blocks-may-fastest-safest-treatment/
Logo of jneurosciThis ArticleAbout the JournalFor AuthorsSign up for AlertsThe Journal of NeuroscienceSociety for Neuroscience
. 2015 Apr 29; 35(17): 6619–6629.
PMCID: PMC4412887

Migraine: Multiple Processes, Complex Pathophysiology


Abstract

Migraine is a common, multifactorial, disabling, recurrent, hereditary neurovascular headache disorder. It usually strikes sufferers a few times per year in childhood and then progresses to a few times per week in adulthood, particularly in females. Attacks often begin with warning signs (prodromes) and aura (transient focal neurological symptoms) whose origin is thought to involve the hypothalamus, brainstem, and cortex. Once the headache develops, it typically throbs, intensifies with an increase in intracranial pressure, and presents itself in association with nausea, vomiting, and abnormal sensitivity to light, noise, and smell. It can also be accompanied by abnormal skin sensitivity (allodynia) and muscle tenderness. Collectively, the symptoms that accompany migraine from the prodromal stage through the headache phase suggest that multiple neuronal systems function abnormally. As a consequence of the disease itself or its genetic underpinnings, the migraine brain is altered structurally and functionally. These molecular, anatomical, and functional abnormalities provide a neuronal substrate for an extreme sensitivity to fluctuations in homeostasis, a decreased ability to adapt, and the recurrence of headache. Advances in understanding the genetic predisposition to migraine, and the discovery of multiple susceptible gene variants (many of which encode proteins that participate in the regulation of glutamate neurotransmission and proper formation of synaptic plasticity) define the most compelling hypothesis for the generalized neuronal hyperexcitability and the anatomical alterations seen in the migraine brain. Regarding the headache pain itself, attempts to understand its unique qualities point to activation of the trigeminovascular pathway as a prerequisite for explaining why the pain is restricted to the head, often affecting the periorbital area and the eye, and intensifies when intracranial pressure increases.
The entire article is available at:  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4412887/

Thursday, March 25, 2010

Risk of Falls, Hospitalization from Falls and Prevention of Falls with Neuromuscular Dentistry

An interesting article in Science Daily (http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2010/03/100324094644.htm) discusses an new method to estimate the risk of falls. Neuromuscular Dentistry can reduce the risks of falls. It has been used to treat vertigo and dizziness as well as other middle ear dysfunctions related to the TM Joint (TMJ).

THE RISK OF FALLING IS A MAJOR CONCERN FOR OLDER ADULTS BUT APPARANTLY IS ALSO A PROBLEM AT ALL AGES. Neuromuscular Dentistry can lower the risk of dangerous falls. Can Neuromuscular Dentistry save medicare. According to the article 40% of all senior hospital admissions are related to falls and over a third of seniors over age 65 fall annually. If neuromuscular dental appliances could reduce fallsin seniors by only 10% it would save medicare tens of billions of dollars in hospital and rehabilitation costs and prevent the rapid deterioration to the quality of seniors lives often associated with falls.

Neuromuscular Dentistry is based on the work of Dr Barney Jankelson who applied physiological measurements to dentistry. His work has resulted in help for patients with migraines, tension headaches and TMJ disorders (http://www.ihateheadaches.org). It is also extremely effective in helping balance and postural issues. The New Orleans Saints utilized Neuromuscular Dentistry to help win the Superbowl. The PPM Mouthguard or Pure Power Mouthguard was developed by Neuromuscular Dentist Anil Makkar to improve physical performance including balance strengthand flexibility. A Rutger's Study confirmed these effects.

The Pure Power Mouthpiece mproves balance in athletes but can it do the same for seniors or other patients with balance problems? If the number of falls could be reduced the savings to medicare would be enormous. An explanation of the science behind Neuromuscular Dentistry can be found in Sleep and Health Journal at http://www.sleepandhealth.com/neuromuscular-dentistry

ICCMO, the International College of CranioMandibular Orthopedics is the professional association that consists of medical professional (pimarily dentists) who are trained in Neuromuscular Dentistry and in correcting the physiology of the stomatognathic and trigeminal systems. Neuromuscular Dentistry primarily addresses the health of the Trigeminal Nerve that accounts for over 50% of the total input to the brain. The trigemono-vascular system is a primary agentof almost all chronic headaches including Migraines,Chronic Daily Headaches, Tension-Type Headaches, Episodic Tension-Type Headaches, Sinus Pain, TMD, Retroorbital Headaches, Morning headaches, Facial Pain and other common pain syndromes.

The NIH has numerous studies on alternative medicine techniques. I believe that the NIH should evaluate the Rutger's study and use it as a template for a study addressing balance and avoidance of falls universally but especially in seniors. Forward head posture ncreases problems with balance and can be addressed by orthopedic correction of mandibular position utilizing diagnostic neuromuscular orthotics.

Another recent article in Gait and Posture "showed that voluntary teeth clenching contributed to stabilization of the postural stance perturbed transiently by electrical stimulation. We concluded that voluntary teeth clenching plays an important role in rapid postural adaptation to the anterior-posterior perturbation in the upright position." This study was an experimental electrical impulse to disrupt posture and voluntary closure of the teeth restored posture.. This entire field relates back to the work of Sherrington and the righting reflex.

Gait Posture. 2010 Jan;31(1):122-5. Epub 2009 Oct 30.
Influence of voluntary teeth clenching on the stabilization of postural stance disturbed by electrical stimulation of unilateral lower limb.

Fujino S, Takahashi T, Ueno T.
Department of Sports Medicine and Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan. sfujino.spmd@tmd.ac.jp
Studies on the relationship between dental occlusion and body balance have suggested that occlusion status contributes to the maintenance of postural balance. However, little has been reported about the effects of voluntary teeth clenching on the stabilization of postural stance in novel environments. In the present study we investigated whether teeth clenching influenced adaptation to the perturbation introduced by electrical stimulation of a unilateral lower limb. Subjects (12 adults) stood on a force plate, from which motion data were obtained in the horizontal plane with and without voluntary teeth clenching and were instructed to maintain the position throughout the experiment. We evoked a novel environment by supramaximal percutaneous electrical stimulation of the common peroneal nerve. Electromyograms (EMG) were recorded from the masseter and the peroneus longus (PL) muscles with bipolar surface cup electrodes. When the disturbed postural stance was generated by electrical stimulation, the maximum reaction force in the anterior-posterior (A/P) direction with teeth clenching (CL) was significantly smaller than that without voluntary teeth clenching (control; CO) (p<0.05) and the peak time of the ground reaction force/body mass (GRF/BM) in the A/P direction occurred earlier in the CL condition than CO (p<0.05). There were no significant differences in the peak-to-peak amplitude of GRF/BM and the peak time of GRF/BM, in the M/L direction under both CL and CO conditions. Thus, the present study showed that voluntary teeth clenching contributed to stabilization of the postural stance perturbed transiently by electrical stimulation. We concluded that voluntary teeth clenching plays an important role in rapid postural adaptation to the anterior-posterior perturbation in the upright position. Copyright 2009. Published by Elsevier B.V.

Sunday, January 31, 2010

Improving Balance with Neuromuscular Dentistry

Improving balance is crucial especially in older adults and in patients recovering from severe injuries. Neuromuscular Dentistry is being used to improve balance, strength and speed in professional athletes. The PPM Mouthguard or Makkar Pure Power Mouthguard is used by professional athletes like the New Orleans Saints to improve athletic preformance.

Neuromuscular Dentistry can also be used to improve balance and gait in patients with balance and equilibrium difficulties. The same technology that is used to relieve and prevent migraines and tension headaches can also be used to increase balance and strength.